Determination and characterization of candida species in people living with hiv/aids who attend an urban hospital clinic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54495/Rev.Cientifica.v18i1.168Keywords:
candida species, HIV/AIDS, urban hospital clinicAbstract
Candida is currently recognized as an opportunistic pathogen associated with recurrent oral candidiasis in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). There are more than 150 Candida species, of which 10 are considered important pathogens for humans. The main species isolated in oral candidiasis are C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis. This study was conducted to determine and characterize the presence of different Candida species in oral infections in PLWHA attending the Luis Ángel García Family Clinic at San Juan de Dios General Hospital. During the period from April to July 2006, 68 Candida strains were collected in Guatemala from 56 patients with oral candidiasis living with HIV/AIDS (12/56, 21.4% female and 44/56, 78.6% male). Each patient was asked for consent and subsequently data was collected in a survey to obtain clinical information. Next, each strain was isolated and identified through phenotypic testing. Finally, the antifungal susceptibility profile of all strains was determined using the Sensititre® YeastOne system. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. It was observed that the main species of the Candida genus identified in the study were C. albicans (52/68, 76.4%) followed by C. glabrata (10/68, 14.7%). Only two isolates of C. dubliniensis (2/68, 2.9%) were observed, this being the first report in Guatemala. The most frequent coinfections in these patients were fungal (8/35, 22.8%) followed by bacterial, specifically tuberculosis (13/35, 37.1%). The majority (45/56, 80.3%) were not receiving antiretroviral therapy as they were patients visiting the clinic for the first time. The main types of oral candidiasis detected were pseudomembranous (64/68, 94.1%) followed by erythematous (2/68, 2.9%). Most isolates were susceptible to the antifungals tested (fluconazole, itraconazole, 5-fluorocytosine and voriconazole), with only C glabrata showing resistance to itraconazole and fluconazole (10/64, 15.6% and 1/64, 1.6%, respectively), data similar to those obtained in Mexico, the United States and Canada (I, 2). In conclusion, the data obtained in the present study constitute the first record describing the different species of Candida in people living with HIV/AIDS in Guatemala.
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