Biogeografía y evolución de la biodiversidad en Guatemala, ¿qué nos ha contado el ADN?

Rosa Alicia Jiménez

doi:10.54495/Rev.Cientifica.v30i1.19

Authors

Rosa Alicia Jiménez Departamento de Biología General y Colecciones Zoológicas, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54495/Rev.Cientifica.v30i1.19

Keywords:

Central America, Conservation, Diversification, Megadiverse, Neotropics

Abstract

Knowledge of the biodiversity of a region is essential to guide its conservation and management. Biogeography and evolution guide us conceptually to study life in a spatial and temporal continuum. The spatial and temporal continuum that the biodiversity of Guatemala is embedded in, as part of the Central American Isthmus, determines unique characteristics. Likewise, the geological and climatic history of Guatemala has generated a complex topography with multiple types of environments, which have been dynamic over time. The result is an assemblage of lineages with ancestors that came from the north or the south, as well as clades that diversified in in situ conditions. Although the biodiversity of the country is still largely unknown, the rise of the application of molecular tools opens the doors to discover the rich genetic diversity of the biota of Guatemala. It also allows us to learn more about its biogeographic and evolutionary history and move from the study of patterns to the study of processes that generate and maintain local and regional biodiversity. Scientific research on these topics is essential for us to realize that the biodiversity of Guatemala and northern Central America is richer than we can imagine.

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