"Genetic Variability of Detriatoma Dimidiata (Latreille 1811) in Three Wild Atlantic Populations and Three Domestic Pacific Populations of Guatemala, Using the Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Technique"
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54495/Rev.Cientifica.v17i1.219Keywords:
Genetic variability, Detriatoma Dimidiata, Wild Atlantic populations, Domestic Pacific populations, Random Amplification Polymorphic DNA TechniqueAbstract
Six populations of Triatoma dimidiata were compared using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) as a genetic marker to determine the genetic variability between and within these populations. The chinch bug, as this species is commonly known, has great epidemiological importance in Latin America and especially in the Central American region, as it is the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease.
To carry out this study, six sampling sites were selected in the Republic of Guatemala. Three of them were located on the Atlantic slope and the remaining three on the Pacific slope, corresponding to wild and domestic habitats respectively. The sampling sites on the Atlantic slope were: Alta Verapaz (Lachuá and Lanquín), El Petén (Yaxhá Archaeological Site); and on the Pacific side: Escuintla (Puerto de San José), Santa Rosa (Santa María Ixwatán, Aguazarca) and Jutiapa (El Carrizal).
In preliminary studies, 11 PCR primers were evaluated. Four of them (H3, L1, L4 and L5 from Operon) generated strong and reproducible bands. These primers were used to amplify the DNA of T. dimidiata in the present study. A total of 35 polymorphic bands (loci) with intermediate frequencies (0.1 < p <0.6) were generated with the four pairs of primers, with an average of 8.75 bands per primer.
The results obtained show genetic distances (D' N) that range between 0.040 and 0.254 between the T. dimidiata populations studied. Likewise, the calculated fixation indices (Fst), 0.246 (with Lanquín) and 0 . 1 7 1 (without Lanquín), suggest a substructuring of the populations. They are differentiated from each other, but still belong to the same species.
Removing Lanquín from the analysis allowed us to highlight its isolated and endogamous character, making it a population of little interest for control. These results reflect the presence of genetic flow between the populations (except probably with Lanquín), which prevents the fixation of any of the alleles and their reproductive isolation. The latter indicates that special attention must be paid to disease control, because the presence of flow implies the inability to eradicate the species. The vector eradication programme should be given wide coverage in regions where populations are slightly genetically differentiated, i.e. between which there is possibly a migratory flow, to avoid re-infestations of homes, possibly from untreated wild foci.
Downloads
References
GUHL, F., JARAMILLO, C.A . ., 1998. Curso Taller "Control de Tripanosomiasis Americana y Leishamiosis: aspectos biológicos, genéticos y moleculares". Universidad de los Andes, Colombia
STARR, M.D., ROJAS, J.C., ZELEDÓN,R., HIRD, D.W., CARPENTIER, T.E., 1991. Chagas diseas: risk factors for house infestation by T. dimidiata, the major vector of T. cruzi in Costa Rica. Am. J. of Epidemiology, vol. 133 (7), https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115949 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115949
TABARU, Y. MONROY, C. RODAS, A. MEJIA, M. ROSALIES, R. 1999. the geographical distribution off vectors of Chagas' disease and populations at risk of infection in Guatemala. Med. Entomol. Zool. Vol. 50 (1): 9-17, https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.9_1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.9_1
PONCE, C., 1999. Elimination of the vectorial transmission of chagas dicese in Central American countries. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, rio de Janeiro, Vol. 94, suppl. 1: 417-418, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761999000700082 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761999000700082
ZINGALES, B., 2000. Biochemistry, genetics and epidemiology of the two major groups of Trypanosoma cruzi.
SCHOFIELD, CJ., 1994. Triatominae. Biología y control. Trad. S. Tims y C.J. Schofield. Eurocom. Publications. Reino Unido. 80 pp.
HIGO, H., et. al., 1997. Genetic structure ofTry panosoma cruzi in Central America and its comparisons with South American strains. Intemational Joumal for Parasitology 27( 11): 1369-1374, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(97)00097-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(97)00097-0
DE LEÓN GRANADOS, MP., 1997. Estudio clínico, serológico y epidemiológico de la Efermedad de Chagas en Santa María. Tesis Químico Biólogo Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia USAC. Guatemala.
DORN, PI. MELGAR, S., Gutierrez, A., KOTT, S., COMBE, C., SALVIA, D., RODAS, A., ROSALES, R., MONROY, C., 2002. The Chagas' vector, Triatoma dimidiara, is panmictic within and among adjacent villages in Guatemala. (En prensa), https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-40.4.436 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-40.4.436
ZELEDÓN, R., SOLANO, G., ZUÑIGA, A., SWARTZWEDER, JC. 1973. Biology and ethology of Triatoma dimidiara ( Latreille, 1811 ), lll. Habitat and blood sources. J. Med. Ent. Vol. 10, No. 4: 363-370, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/10.4.363 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/10.4.363
SHERLOCK, l. 2000. Trypanosoma cruzi e doenca de chagas. En Brener, Z. Andrade, Z. Barral-Netto, M. (editors ). 2 ed. Guanabra Koogan, Rio de Janeiro. 431 pp.
DUJARDIN, J-P., SCHOFIELD, C., PANZERA, F., 2000. Les vecteurs de la maladie de Chagas: Recherches taxonomiques, biologiques el génétiques. Académie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-mer. 162 pp.
PANZERA et.al. 1997. Genetic variability and geographic differentiation among three species of triatominae bugs (Hemiptera-Reduviidae), Am.J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 57(6)199, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1997.57.732 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1997.57.732
LENT, H., WYGODZINSKY, P. 1979. Revision of the Triatominae (hemiptera, Reduviidae) and their significance as vectors of Chagas disease. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 163: 123-520.
WHO. 1998. Proceedings of the Second lnternational Workshop of Population Genetics and Control of Triatominae. Tegucigalpa. Honduras.
IBÁÑEZ-BERNAL. S. PAZ.RODRÍGUEZ, R. 1999. Los complejos de especies de Triatoma en México y CA. En Schofield C.J, Ponce, C. (editors) Proceedings of the Second lnternational Workshop on Population Genetics and Control of Triatominae, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. INDRE, México City, 131 pp.
BARGUES, M.D., MARCILLA, A., RAMSEY, J.M., DUJARDIN, JP., SCHOFIELD, C.J., MAS-COMA, S., 2000. Nuclear rDNA Molecular clock of the evolution of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), Vectors of Chagas Disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol.95(4); 567-573, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762000000400020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762000000400020
SOLIS-MENA, S., 2000. Genetic variability and morphometrics of Triatoma dimidiata (Latreiller, 1811) geographical populations. Unpublished. London School of Tropical Medecine and Hyg. London.
MARCILLA, A., BARGUES. MD., RAMSEY, J.M., MAGALLON-GASTELUM. E., SCHETTINO, PM., ABAD-FRANCH, F., DUJARDIN, J.P., SCHOFIELD, C.J., MAS-COMA. S. 2001. The ITS-2 of the nuclear rDNA as a Molecular Marker for Populations, Species and Phylogenetic Relationships in Triatominae (Hemiptera:Reduviidae), Vectors of Chagas Disease. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution vol. 18 (i): 136-142, https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2000.0864 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2000.0864
ZELEDÓN, R., GUARDU, V., ZÚÑIGA, A., SWARZWELDER, JC. 1970a. Biology and ethology of Thiatoma dimidiata (Latreille 1811), i. Life cycle, amount of blood ingested, resistance to starvation and size of adults. J. Med. Ent. Vol. 7, No. 3: 313-319, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/7.3.313 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/7.3.313
DIOTAIUTI L. 2000. Triatomine vectors: ecological factors and behavioural aspects, second Expert Committe on the Control of Chagas Disease. WHO. Brasilia, Brasil.
MEJIA. M., MONROY, C., RODAS, A., MASAHIRO, H., FLORES, P., 1993. Reservorios de la enfermedad de Chagas. JICA.
ZELEDÓN, R., GUARDIA, V., ZÜÑIGA. A., SWARZWELDER, JC. 1970b. Biology and ethology of Thiatoma dimidiata ( Latreille 1811). II. Life span of dults and fecundity and fertility of females. J. Med. Ent. Vol. 7, No. 4: 462-469, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/7.4.462 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/7.4.462
BORROR, DJ., TRIPLEHORN, CA., JOHNSON, NF., 1989. An introduction to the study of lnsects. 6 ed. Saunders College Publishers. USA. 875 pp.
LENT, H., .TURBERG, J., 1985. Sobre a varicao intraespecífica em Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille) e Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Hemipter, Reduviidae). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Río de Janeiro, 80(3): 285-299, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761985000300004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761985000300004
ZELEDÓN, R., 1983. El Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811 ). En Carcavallo, R. Ravinovich, J. Tonn, J. (editores). Factores biológicos y ecológicos de la Enfermedad de Chags, Centro Panamericano de Ecología Humana y Salud. OMS, OPS: Servicio Nacional de Chagas. Ministerio de Salud y Acción Social, Argentina. 250 pp.
AYAU MILLA, O., 1999. Enfermedad de Chagas. Impresos Litográficos, Guatemala. 338 pp.
MONROY, C., et. al. 1992. Vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas en Guatemala. En Ogata, K (editor). Memoria del Io Seminario Internacional de Enfermedades Tropicales, Guatemala. Enfermedades Tropicales en Guatemala. Agencia de Cooperación Internacional del Japón (JICA). Guatemala, 128 pp.
BORGES, E.C., PIRES, H.H.R., BARBOS, S.E., NUNES, C.M.S., PERERIRA, M.H., ROMANIA,A.J. DIOTATIUTI, L., 1999. Genetic variability in brazilian triatomines and the risk ofdomiciliation. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Río de Janeiro, Vol 94 (suppl 1): 371-373, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761999000700072 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761999000700072
MONROY, C., et. al. 1995. Ecología intradomiciliar de Triatoma dimidiata en Santa María Ixhuatán. En Tabaru, Y. (editor). Enfermedades Tropicales de Guatemala. Agencia de Cooperación Internacional del Japón (JICA). Guatemala, 215 pp.
ROHLF, J., 1990. Morphometrics. Annu, Rev. Ecol. Sist. 21:299-316, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.001503 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.001503
MANGUIN, S., WILKERSON, R.C., RUBIO-PALIS, A., DANOFF-BURG, J.A. ROBERTS D.R., 1999. Population structure of the primar malary vector in South America, Anopheies darlingi, using isozyme, random amplified polymorphic DNA, interna/ Trasncribed spacers2, and morphologic markers. Am J. of Trop Med Hyg 60(3): 364-376, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.364 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.364
BUSTAMANTE, DM., 2001. Morfometría de seis poblaciones del principal vector de la enfermedad de Chagas en Guatemala, Triatoma dimidiata ( Latreille 1811) ( Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), para la caracterización geográfica de la especie. Tesis Biólogo. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia. USAC. Guatemala.
TABACHNICK, W.J., BLACK, WC., 1996. Population genetics of disease vectors. In Biology of Disease Vectors. University Press of Colorado. Pp. 417-437.
BARBOSA, SE, et. al. 1999. Differences in saliva composition among Brazilian population of Pantrongylus megistus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). ActaTropica 72: 91-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-706X(98)00073-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-706X(98)00073-4
VALADEZ, E., KAHL, G., 2000. Huellas de ADN (teoría y protocolos de laboratorio) Mundi-Prensa y Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo. México 147 pp.
SHLEIF, P., 1993. Genetics and Molecular Biology 2nd edition The Johns Hopkins University Press, USA.
BROKER, R.J., 1999. Genetics: analysis and principies. USA. Addison Wesley Longman. Inc.
APOSTOL, bL., BLACK, WC., REIETER., P., MILLER, B.R. 1996. Population genetics with RAPD-PCR markers: Aedes aegypti in Puerto Rico. Heredity 76 : 325-334, https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1996.50 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1996.50
BLACK IV., W.C., 1993. PCR with arbitrary primers: approach with care. Insect Molec. Biol 2(1): 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2583.1993.tb00118.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2583.1993.tb00118.x
DORN, P.L., et al. 1999. Utility of the polimerase chain reaction in detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in Guatemalan Chagas disease vectors. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg 60(5) 740-745, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.740 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.740
ANDERSON, J., LAI, J.E., DOTSON, E.M., CORDÓN ROSALES, C., PONCE, C., NORRIS, D.E., BEARD, C.B.,
ldentification and characterization of microsatellite markers in che Chagas disease vector Triatoma dimidiara. Infection, Genetics and Evolution vol I(3): 243-248.
GRCIA COLLEVAITI, R., VIANELLO BRONDANI, R., GRATIAPAGLIA, D., 1999. Development & characterization of microsatellite markers for genetic análisis of a Brazilian endangered tree species Caryocar brasiliense. Heredity 83: 748-756, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.1999.00638.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.1999.00638.x
LEWIN, B. 2000. Genes VII. Oxford University Press, U.S.A. 990 pp.
LYMANN, DE., MONTERIO, FA., ESCALANTE, AA., CORDÓN-ROSALES, C., WESSON, DM., DUJARDIN, JP., BEARD, CB. 1999, Mithocondrial DNA sequence variation among Triatominae vectors of Chagas' disease. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 60(3) 377-386, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.377 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.377
DUJARDIN, JP., PANZERA, P., SCHOFIELD, CJ. 1999. Triatominae as a model of mrphological plasticity under ecological pressure. Mem. lnst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 94 (supl 1): 223-228, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761999000700036 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761999000700036
GARCIA, A.L. et. al. 1998. RAPD as a toolfor taxonomic studies of triatomine bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). J. Med. Ent. 35(1): 38-45, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/35.1.38 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/35.1.38
DUJARDIN, J.P., TIBAYRENC, M., VENEGAS, E., MALDONADO, P., DESJEUX, P., AYALA, F.J., 1987. Isoenzyme evidence of lack of speciation between wild and domestic Triatoma infestans (Heteropter: Reduviidae) in Bolivia. J. Med. Entorno!. 24(1): 40-5, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/24.1.40 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/24.1.40
NOIREAU, F., ZEGARRA, M., ORDÓÑEZ, J., GUTIERREZ, T., DUJARDIN, J.P., 199. Genetic structure of Triatoma sordida (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) domestic populations from Bolivia: Application on control interventions. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 94(3): 347-351, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761999000300011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761999000300011
BORGES, E.C., DUJARDIN, J.P., SCHOFIELD, C.J., ROMANIA, A.J. DIOTAIUTI, L., 2000. Genetic variability of Triatoma brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Reduviiade) populations. J. Med Entomol. 37(6):872-877, https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-37.6.872 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-37.6.872
JARAMILLO, C. MONTAÑA, M.F., CASTRO, LR., VALLEJO, G.A., JUL., F., 2001. Differentiation and Genetic Análisis of Rhodnius prolixus and R. colombiensis by rDNA and RAPD Amplification. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol 96 (8): 1043-1048, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762001000800003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762001000800003
PANZERA, F., PEREZ, R., HORNOS, S., PANZERA, Y., CESTAU, R., DELGADO V., NICOLINI, P., 1996. Chromosome numbers in the Triatominae (Hemiptera Reduviidae): a review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol 91 (4):515-518, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761996000400021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761996000400021
SCHOFIELD, CJ., 2000. Challenges of Chagas Disease Vector Control in Central America. Global Collaboration for development of pesticides for public health. WHO/CDS/ WHOPES/GCOPP/2000-1.
LANGSDORF, A., 1999. PCR Technique and Theory for analyzing the gene tic structure of populations. Resumen del curso, que fue patrocinado por USAC. DAAD y CONCYT.
FALCONER, D.S. 1981. Introducción a la genética cuantitativa. Editorial Continental, S.a. de C.V. México. 428 pp.
HARTI, D .L. 2000. A primer of population genetics. 3ª. ed. Sinaner Associates. Inc. U.S.A. 221 pp.
HEDRlCK. PW., 1983 - Genetics of Populations. Science Books International Publisher. USA. 629 pp.
AVISE. J C . 1994 molecular- markers, natural history & evolutron NY, Chapman & Hall, Inc, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2381-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2381-9
HARTI. D L., CLARK. A.G., 1989. Principies ofpopulation genetics : 2ed Sinauer Associates, Inc. Canadá. 682 pp.
SLATKN, M., 1981. Estimating levelsof geneflow innatural populations. Genetics (99):323-335, https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/99.2.323 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/99.2.323
BLACK, IV, WC, DUTEAU, N.M., 1997. RAPD-PCR and SSCP analysis for insect population genetics. Chapman and Hall. Chap 31 pp-361-373, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1535-0_31 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1535-0_31
APÓSTOL. B.L., et. al. 1993. Estimation of the number of full-sibling famailies at an oviposition site using RAPD PCR markers: application to the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Theot. Appl. Genet, 86: 991-1000, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00211052 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00211052
BLACK IV, W.C., 1998. FORTRAN programs for the analysis of RAPD-PCR markers in populations. Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523.
SWOFFORD D.L., SELANDER, R.B., 1981, BIOSYS-1: afortran program for the comprehensive analysis of electrophoretic data in population genetics and systematics. J. Hered. 72: 281-283, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109497 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109497
MERIDA, a.M., et. al. 1995 - Variation in ribosomal DNA intergenic spacers among populations of Anopheles albimanus in South and Central America. Am J. Trop. Hyg. 53(5): 469-77), https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1995.53.469 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1995.53.469
MONROY, C., et. a. 2001 - Morphometrics and PCR-Rapds for studies of migration and reinfestation pattems of Triatoma dimidiara and Rhodnius prolixus in Guatemala and Honduras. Tomado del tesumen del Primer encuentro International sobre enfermedades Tropicales. NETROPICA.
HARTL. DL., CLARK, AA.G., 1997. Principies of population genetics. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Canadá. 524 pp.
HADRYS, H. BALICK, M. SCHIERWATER, B. 1992. Applications of random amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD) in molecular ecology. Molecular Ecology (1): 55-63, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1992.tb00155.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1992.tb00155.x
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2004 C.I. Calderón, M.C. Monroy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
