Errors and Misconduct in Scientific Publications in the Biomedical Sciences: A Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54495/Rev.Cientifica.v32i2.419Keywords:
Biostatistics, scientific publication ethics, scientific misconduc, journal article, Biomedical researchAbstract
Methodological errors and malpractice in scientific publications compromise the validity and utility of research in the biomedical sciences. A lack of rigor in study design, data analysis, and result reporting contributes to bias and erroneous conclusions, ultimately affecting clinical decision-making. This article presents a structured narrative review of the scientific literature on the main methodological, statistical, and ethical errors in scientific publications, distinguishing between unintentional mistakes, negligence, and fraudulent practices. Key factors influencing publication quality are analyzed, including proper study planning, appropriate sample size determination, and the correct application of statistical tools. The issue of publication bias and the distinction between statistical and clinical significance are discussed, emphasizing that a study’s validity is not solely dependent on the presence of statistically significant p-values. Additionally, common fraudulent practices such as data fabrication and plagiarism are examined, along with their impact on the credibility of science. Finally, the importance of critical reading of scientific literature is highlighted, as well as the development of skills to evaluate the quality and applicability of research findings in clinical practice.
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