Metabolitos secundarios y cianotoxinas producidos por  cianobacterias del lago de Atitlán

Edwin Axpuaca-Aspuac; Erick Estrada-Palencia; Balmore Valladares-Jovel; Bessie Oliva-Hernández; Elisandra Hernández-Hernández; Francisco Pérez-Sabino

doi:10.54495/Rev.Cientifica.v27i1.71

Authors

Edwin Axpuaca-Aspuac Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of San Carlos of Guatemala
Erick Estrada-Palencia Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of San Carlos of Guatemala
Balmore Valladares-Jovel Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of San Carlos of Guatemala
Bessie Oliva-Hernández Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of San Carlos of Guatemala
Elisandra Hernández-Hernández Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of San Carlos of Guatemala
Francisco Pérez-Sabino Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of San Carlos of Guatemala

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54495/Rev.Cientifica.v27i1.71

Keywords:

cyanobacterial blooms, Limnoraphis robusta, Microcystin-LR

Abstract

Extensive cyanobacterial blooms have occurred in Atitlan lake since 2008, being Limnoraphis robusta (Parakutty) the most abundant species recorded. It is generally accepted that these blooms are caused by the rising levels of pollution and climatic variations in the basin. However, it was unknown if the lake cyanobacteria were capable of producing toxins or beneficial secondary metabolites. Four groups of secondary metabolites were investigated in L. robusta, which was isolated and cultivated in the laboratory. Cyanotoxins were analyzed from phytoplankton biomass collected in lake Atitlan. Biomass samples were collected with the aid of a phytoplankton net in three different sites of the lake surface. This was carried out during three field trips conducted between 2011 and 2012. Cyanotoxins were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Microcystin-LR was found in low concentrations in two biomass samples collected in October 2012 (one in a non-quantifiable concentration and the other of 20.1 ng / g of dry biomass). L. robusta was the dominant phytoplanctonic species. Positive results were obtained for the tests of flavonoids, saponins and anthraquinones through phytochemical tests performed on the extracts of the biomass cultivated in the laboratory. Alkaloids were not found. The low concentration levels of microcystin-LR found in the biomass collected in the lake surface do not pose a risk to the local human population. Nevertheless, it was proven that cyanobacteria in Atitlan lake are capable of producing microcystins-LR. The positive results, regarding the presence of saponins, flavonoids and anthraquinones in L. robusta, are promising for the quest of metabolites
with biological activity and possible applications in biotechnology.

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